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Drone Footage Shows Collapse of Observatory

December 4, 2020 [email protected]_84 collapse, drone, Footage, Observatory, shows

puertorico science astronomy observatory us

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The famed Arecibo Observatory, featured in the films Contact and Goldeneye, gave way earlier this week after its support cables snapped.
The National Science Foundation, which ran the Puerto Rico-based radio observatory, released dramatic drone footage of the collapse.
The telescope operated for almost 60 years, scanning the skies for asteroids and alien signals and contributing to our understanding of the universe.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has released tragic drone footage of the collapse of the famed Arecibo Observatory, which fell this week after 57 years of service.

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The observatory—made famous by films like Contact and the James Bond flick Goldeneye—probed the distant reaches of the universe for signs of extraterrestrial life, scanned the skies for fast radio bursts, and tracked marauding asteroids zipping through our solar system. It’s a devastating loss for research in Puerto Rico, the scientific community, and even humanity as a whole.

The footage, which you can watch above, shows the instant when the telescope’s support cables snapped, sending the 900-ton instrument platform tumbling into the 1,000-foot-wide dish below. The tops of the three towers that supported the platform also gave way, pushing a flood of debris down across the dish and several adjacent facilities. Fortunately, no one was injured.

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The observatory, nestled in the verdant hills of Arecibo, Puerto Rico, was managed jointly by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the University of Central Florida. It opened in 1963 and has made significant contributions in the years since. In addition to the 1,000-foot dish, the observatory is home to a 12-foot radio telescope, a LIDAR facility, and an educational center.

“We knew this was a possibility, but it is still heartbreaking to see,” Elizabeth Klonoff, UCF’s vice president for research, said in a December 1 statement. “Safety of personnel is our number one priority. We already have engineers on site to help assess the damage and determine the stability and safety of the remaining structure. We will continue to work with the NSF and other stakeholders to find ways to support the science mission at Arecibo.”

On August 10, an auxiliary cable on the Arecibo Observatory snapped, resulting in significant damage to the 1,000-foot-wide telescope dish below.

University of Central Florida

The first sign of trouble came in August, when an auxiliary cable—one of 18 that held the instrument platform in place—snapped and tore through the dish 500 feet below, resulting in significant damage. An assessment at the time revealed that as long as the remaining cables were intact, the dish could be fixed. The Arecibo staff promptly ordered a replacement cable and began rehabbing the facility.

But then, on November 19, NSF announced that yet another cable had ruptured weeks earlier and

science

Drone footage shows the shocking collapse of the Arecibo Observatory

December 3, 2020 [email protected]_84 Arecibo, collapse, drone, Footage, Observatory, shocking, shows

Today, the National Science Foundation (NSF) released shocking footage of the collapse of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The video, captured on December 1st, shows the moment when support cables snapped, causing the massive 900-ton structure suspended above Arecibo to fall onto the observatory’s iconic 1,000-foot-wide dish.

The videos of the collapse were captured by a camera located in Arecibo’s Operations Control Center, as well as from a drone located above the platform at the time of collapse. The operator of the drone was able to adjust the drone camera once the platform started to fall and capture the moment of impact. NSF, which oversees Arecibo, had been doing hourly monitoring of the observatory with drones, ever since engineers warned that the structure was on the verge of collapsing in November. “I think we were just lucky and the drone operator was very adept to see what was happening and be able to turn the camera,” Ashley Zauderer, the NSF program manager for Arecibo Observatory, said during a press conference.

The footage highlights the moment when multiple cables snapped, causing the platform to swing outward and hit the side of the dish. The collapse also brought down the tops of the three support towers surrounding Arecibo, where the cables had been connected to keep the platform in the air. “The cables that go from the top of Tower 4 to the platform — they’re very faint in the camera view but they’re there,” said John Abruzzo, a contractor at engineering consulting firm Thornton Tomasetti, hired by the University of Central Florida. “And so it’s those cables that fail near the tower top first, and then once those fail, the platform then loses stability and starts to come down,” Abruzzo said, describing the first video from the control center.

The collapse of Arecibo didn’t come as a surprise. Following the failure of two support cables in both August and November, engineers had concluded that there was no safe way to repair Arecibo and that the platform could fall onto the dish at any moment. NSF hoped to do a controlled demolition of the telescope before that happened, but the collapse occurred before any kind of action could take place.

Now NSF is trying to figure out a path forward, which mostly revolves around figuring out how to clean up Arecibo in a safe manner. Engineers need to do a full environmental assessment of the area and figure out how stable the remaining structures are.

Replacing Arecibo would be a much longer process, involving decisions from lawmakers. “With regards to replacement, NSF has a very well defined process for funding and constructing large scale infrastructure — including telescopes,” Ralph Gaume, director of NSF’s division of astronomical sciences, said. “It’s a multi-year process that involves congressional appropriations, and the assessment and needs of the scientific community. So it’s very early

science

Drone Video Shows Dramatic Moment of Arecibo Collapse

December 3, 2020 [email protected]_84 Arecibo, collapse, Dramatic, drone, moment, shows, Video

Video of the recent collapse at the Arecibo Observatory, taken from two different perspectives, show the dramatic moment when a main cable failed, causing the 900-ton instrument platform to fall onto the large radio dish below.

a tree with a mountain in the background: Aerial footage showing the damaged dish at the Arecibo Observatory and three support towers.

© Image: Ricardo Arduengo/AFP via Getty Images (Getty Images)
Aerial footage showing the damaged dish at the Arecibo Observatory and three support towers.

The first of the two videos was taken from the Arecibo Observatory control room, where radio astronomers normally do their work. The camera was recently installed in this location to capture a collapse should it happen, Ashley Zauderer, program director for Arecibo Observatory at the National Science Foundation, told reporters today.

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As the video shows, the platform did not fall straight down. It was more of a swinging action, as a main cable snapped from one of the three support towers. The video also shows the tops of the towers breaking off, some of which measure over 60 feet in length, according to John Abruzzo, managing principal of Thornton Tomasetti, an engineering firm brought in to assess the situation following the recent failure of two cables at the famous facility.

The collapse involved some “very violent and unpredicted behavior,” said Zauderer.

The second video is just as remarkable, as it was captured by an aerial drone. It just so happened that the drone was being used to inspect the top of Tower 4 when one of three remaining main cables snapped. Looking at the video, you can see three cables running parallel to one another. A fourth cable should’ve been there, but it failed earlier this month (you can actually see the frayed remains of the cable at top). Each cable consists of 170 wires, said Abruzzo. The middle of the three remaining cables is the one that failed, triggering a reaction that caused the entire structure to collapse.

Incredibly, the drone operator was able to turn the camera around to capture an aerial view of the carnage below. No one was hurt during this catastrophic failure, the exact cause of which is still being determined. Zauderer said all dangerous debris fell within previously designated restricted zones.

Iconic Dish at Arecibo Observatory Has Collapsed

On a positive note, the nearby visitor’s center did not sustain any serious damage. From here, the priority continues to be safety, mitigating environmental issues, and finding ways to support the staff at the facility and the people of Puerto Rico, said Zauderer. Built in 1963, the radio dish was recently slated for demolition, as repairs were deemed too dangerous.

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career

Hector Camacho documentary from Showtime shows career, life and death

December 3, 2020 [email protected]_84 Camacho, career, Death, documentary, Hector, life, shows, Showtime

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The first place Eric Drath went was the scene of the crime, a parking spot outside a strip mall in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, where boxing legend Hector “Macho” Camacho was fatally shot in 2012.

Drath, a documentary filmmaker, then interviewed the local police, talked to potential witnesses, tracked down Camacho’s last known girlfriend, even investigated the neighborhood of the purported shooters.

Drath hoped he might be able to crack the case of Camacho’s murder, which remains unsolved to this day.

But as he was putting together his documentary on the flamboyant fighter, Drath realized he needed to change course. So, he scrapped a rough cut of the film and rebuilt it into “Macho: The Hector Camacho Story,” which debuts Friday on Showtime (9 p.m. ET).

“I just said to myself, I have to deliver a film about his life, not just about his death,” Drath told USA TODAY Sports on Wednesday. “At that point, about seven months ago, I basically said I’m going to kind of take this apart and rebuild it in a different way because I really felt that I had lost a lot of his life in just doing a film about his death.”

Camacho was shot while sitting in a parked car on Nov. 20, 2012, and was declared dead four days later at age 50. A friend also died at the scene of the shooting, where police said they found several bags of cocaine.

Camacho’s death was emblematic of a life marked by a delinquent childhood in New York’s Spanish Harlem and ongoing drug use and run-ins with the law throughout his life.

In the ring, the “Macho Man” was known for his outrageous pre-fight outfits and won titles as a super featherweight, lightweight and junior welterweight.

In the documentary, former CBS sportscaster Tim Ryan tells the story of how Camacho was “completely out of his mind drug-wise” on the eve of his 1983 lightweight bout against John Montes in Alaska, but recovered enough to deliver a first-round knock out the next day.

“It is amazing and also I wonder what his career would have been like had he not had this demon inside, had he been able to kind of escape his street life,” Drath said. “But the street life is also what made him and it’s also what brought him down.”

Drath, a former journalist and two-time Emmy award-winning director, said the material he filmed about the investigation into Camacho’s death could find its way into a future film, and that he is in negotiations with Showtime about that project.

He also said he has a “strong theory about who put the hit on,” but he declined to elaborate.

“I’d really like to get into that at another point because I don’t want to hamper the investigation, and we are going to

science

New study shows how methane breaks through icy barriers on the sea floor

December 2, 2020 [email protected]_84 Barriers, breaks, floor, icy, methane, sea, shows, Study

new study shows how methan breaks through icy barriers on the sea floor — A new study has solved the mystery of how and why columns of the methane gas can stream out of methane hydrates. Both the bubble tubes and the inverted droplets are encased in clear gas hydrate. Credit: Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2017.

Methane, the main component of natural gas, is the cleanest-burning of all the fossil fuels, but when emitted into the atmosphere it is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. By some estimates, seafloor methane contained in frozen formations along the continental margins may equal or exceed the total amount of coal, oil, and gas in all other reservoirs worldwide. Yet, the way methane escapes from these deep formations is poorly understood.

In particular, scientists have been faced with a puzzle. Observations at sites around the world have shown vigorous columns of methane gas bubbling up from these formations in some places, yet the high pressure and low temperature of these deep-sea environments should create a solid frozen layer that would be expected to act as a kind of capstone, preventing gas from escaping. So how does the gas get out?

A new study helps explain how and why columns of the gas can stream out of these formations, known as methane hydrates. Using a combination of deep-sea observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling, researchers have found phenomena that explain and predict the way the gas breaks free from the icy grip of a frozen mix of water and methane. The findings are reported today in the journal PNAS, in a paper by Xiaojing (Ruby) Fu SM ’15, Ph.D. ’17, now at the University of California at Berkeley; Professor Ruben Juanes at MIT; and five others in Switzerland, Spain, New Mexico, and California.

Surprisingly, not only does the frozen hydrate formation fail to prevent methane gas from escaping into the ocean column, but in some cases it actually facilitates that escape.

Early on, Fu saw photos and videos showing plumes of methane, taken from a NOAA research ship in the Gulf of Mexico, revealing the process of bubble formation right at the seafloor. It was clear that the bubbles themselves often formed with a frozen crust around them, and would float upward with their icy shells like tiny helium balloons.

Later, Fu used sonar to detect similar bubble plumes from a research ship off the coast of Virginia. “This cruise alone detected thousands of these plumes,” says Fu, who led the research project while a graduate student and postdoc at MIT. “We could follow these methane bubbles encrusted by hydrate shells into the water column,” she says. “That’s when we first knew that hydrate forming on these gas interfaces can be a very common occurrence.”

But exactly what was going on beneath the seafloor to trigger the release of these bubbles remained unknown. Through a series of lab experiments and simulations, the mechanisms at work gradually became apparent.

Seismic studies of the subsurface of the

science

Interesting video shows nighttime military operations near Area 51

December 1, 2020 [email protected]_84 area, Interesting, Military, nighttime, Operations, shows, Video

Video filmed outside of Area 51 seems to show infrared flares released during possible nighttime special-operations training.
It’s impossible to tell what is actually going on just from the video, but whatever it was, it was big and it looked interesting.
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While many of the videos taken near “Area 51” tend to float the usual UFO conspiracy theories, some happen to catch interesting real-world air activity. Earlier this November was one of those occasions.

Well-known YouTube videographers Tim & Tracy of the UFO Seekers channel made an interesting clip shot from outside the restricted Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) north of Nellis Air Force Base.

The new video shows some common NTTR activity including the “camo dude” security personnel, the comings and goings of NTTR employee shuttles and, more interestingly, a lot of air activity over the region, especially at night.

F-16 fighter jets — Two F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter jets over the Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada, October 8, 2020.

The video showed what was most likely a significant nighttime special operations tactical training exercise or capabilities test at the Nevada Test & Training Range.

Most interestingly, the scene appears to be lit by a series of LUU-19 B/B infrared, air-dropped illumination flares for use with night vision devices.

According to Northrop Grumman, the LUU-19 B/B air-dropped flare “is used worldwide and provides covert illumination in the near-infrared (IR) spectrum with virtually no visual signature. The LUU-19 B/B illuminates a diameter of 6,000 meters for seven minutes.”

The flares are almost invisible to the naked eye at night, but viewed through night-vision goggles or infrared surveillance and targeting cameras, they create an incredible amount of infrared illumination.

Air Force luminous infrared flares — How luminous and infrared air-dropped night-vision flares work.

On November 15, 2020, Tim & Tracy of UFO Seekers posted a 20-minute video that shows a series of bright lights at low altitude as viewed through their infrared night-vision video equipment. Visible in the video are a series of orbiting lights around the brighter descending lights.

While official acknowledgement and media releases about specific test and training activities inside the NTTR don’t surface often, the US Air Force published an article on October 24, 2020, saying, “Operations on the Nevada Test and Training Range are continuous — when one operation finishes, another is right behind it ready to begin.”

A reasonable estimation of the activity caught on video by Jim & Tracy could be that a nighttime special-operations training, rehearsal or air defense testing operation was taking place. Of course, it could be anything — especially at this installation. But the use of LUU-19 B/B infrared flares, if that’s what they are, as seen in the video may provide some clues about what was going on.

In their November 15 video, which Jim & Tracy did a nice job of analyzing in two subsequent videos on their YouTube channel, we see what appears to be a sky full

education

Solskjaer: Cavani incident shows players need more education

December 1, 2020 [email protected]_84 Cavani, education, incident, players, shows, Solskjaer

Manchester United's Edinson Cavani celebrates after scoring his side's second goal during an English Premier League soccer match between Southampton and Manchester United at the St. Mary's stadium in Southampton, England, Sunday, Nov. 29, 2020. (Mike Hewitt, Pool via AP) — Manchester United’s Edinson Cavani celebrates after scoring his side’s second goal during an English Premier League soccer match between Southampton and Manchester United at the St. Mary’s stadium in Southampton, England, Sunday, Nov. 29, 2020. (Mike Hewitt, Pool via AP)

Mike Hewitt

AP

Manchester United manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer supported the Football Association’s decision to look into Edinson Cavani’s use of a Spanish term for Black people in a social-media post, saying it was important for players in English soccer to be educated about discrimination.

Cavani apologized for the contents of a message he posted on Instagram Stories after scoring twice in United’s 3-2 victory at Southampton on Sunday, saying it was intended as an affectionate greeting to a friend and adding he was opposed to racism.

The FA has asked Cavani to explain the use of the term he posted, and Solskjaer said the club will support the striker over what the United manager described as “one of those unfortunate situations.”

“He has just come into the country and in Uruguay (the term) is used in a different affection than what we have,” Solskjaer said on Tuesday.

“We will support him but we support the FA. It is important that the FA have asked him to explain and that it is out there for everyone to see. We want to be in the fight against discrimination against everyone.”

Former United defender Gary Neville, who is a TV pundit in Britain, has questioned why a system has not been put in place to educate players — especially those arriving from different countries — about diversity and inclusion.

“We hear the words education, we hear the words training,” Neville said, “and still football is incapable of putting a curriculum in place for its players, for its members, and for its fans that is compulsory.”

Solskjaer was in agreement.

“Maybe all the players coming from different cultures should be educated,” he said, “and I’m sure Edinson has learnt the hard way.”

The issue has placed a cloud over Cavani ahead of United’s match against Paris Saint-Germain — the French club where he spent seven years and is the record scorer with 200 in 301 appearances — in the Champions League on Wednesday.

Cavani might feel he has a point to prove to PSG after losing his place in the team last season after the arrival of Mauro Icardi, which led to him refusing to extend his expiring contract by a couple of months to enable him to be involved in the pandemic-delayed finale to last season’s Champions League. PSG reached the final, losing to Bayern Munich.

“That will affect him mentally and from knowing him that will give him energy,” Solskjaer said. “He will be ready. He is so professional, experienced. He will work on his mindset.

“The same goes for the FA. He has learnt a lesson — it might affect him but he will have to put it to one side when the game is on. The best players, they

science

What the coronavirus vaccine shows about the potential for innovation

November 29, 2020 [email protected]_84 coronavirus, Innovation, potential, shows, Vaccine

The word “innovation” is now one of the most cursed in the English language. Silicon Valley robber barons recognized the cultural capital created by millions of inventors and scientists going back thousands of years, and colonized it to describe their ruthless business practices or semi-pointless new widgets. Innovation used to mean things like “developing new crop varieties that feed a billion people,” now it means “creating a new way to trick people with compulsive personalities into spending $10,000 on Mobile Clans Fun Bucks.”

Nevertheless, it would be a mistake to cede the word entirely to Elizabeth Holmes or Mark Zuckerberg. Because the last several months have seen one of the most astounding examples of innovation in human history: the development of not one, not two, but now three different coronavirus vaccines. Thus far a Pfizer/BioNTech project, one from Moderna, and another from AstraZeneca/Oxford University all look good and will ideally start being distributed within weeks — and there are dozens more possibilities already in trials behind them.

It turns out human society can achieve a lot if we just try really hard. Who knew?

The speed of this vaccine development is totally unprecedented. Previous vaccines have taken years at best and usually over a decade to be developed and proved to work. Now, scientists did have some advantages in this case, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus seems to be relatively easy to target with a vaccine, and there are (alas) a whole lot of infections happening, which makes gathering the necessary data on efficacy easier. And the various scientific teams have built on years of past work developing a basic format for messenger RNA vaccines, which is what the first two vaccines use. But on the other hand, science was also starting from scratch. Unlike chicken pox or measles, which had been studied for decades before work on a vaccine started, scientists had to figure out how the virus works from a standing start — by sequencing its genetic code, analyzing its proteins, and so on — before getting to work on a vaccine. Yet all three were still designed and completed within a few months.

It seems what happened is that governments and private companies hurled massive quantities of resources and manpower at the problem. The European Union, desperate for a way to throttle the pandemic, directed billions in grants, contracts, and purchase orders as a promised reward. Even the Trump administration also pitched in several billion dollars in similar fashion with Operation Warp Speed. Then pharmaceutical companies found that their profit incentive lined up neatly with the need for a vaccine. Whoever could develop one and prove it worked fastest would reap enormous profits — and even the laggards would probably get a piece of the action too, since it will not be possible to produce any one vaccine fast enough to get it to the entire planet. So all the big players got their top scientists working around the clock.

There are a lot of ways innovation can

science

What was early Earth like? Almost like Venus, research shows

November 27, 2020 [email protected]_84 Early, Earth, Research, shows, Venus

Almost like on Venus — An artistic illustration of Earth today and 4.5 billion years ago. Credit: Tobias Stierli / NCCR PlanetS

A team of international scientists led by ETH researcher Paolo Sossi has gained new insights into Earth’s atmosphere of 4.5 billion years ago. Their results have implications for the possible origins of life on Earth.

Four-and-a-half billion years ago, Earth would have been hard to recognize. Instead of the forests, mountains and oceans that we know today, the surface of our planet was covered entirely by magma—the molten rocky material that emerges when volcanoes erupt. This much the scientific community agrees on. What is less clear is what the atmosphere at the time was like. New international research efforts led by Paolo Sossi, senior research fellow at ETH Zurich and the NCCR PlanetS, attempt to lift some of the mysteries of Earth’s primeval atmosphere. The findings were published today in the journal Science Advances.

Making magma in the laboratory

“Four-and-a-half billion years ago, the magma constantly exchanged gasses with the overlying atmosphere,” Sossi begins to explain. “The air and the magma influenced each other. So, you can learn about one from the other.”

To learn about Earth’s primeval atmosphere, which was very different from what it is today, the researchers therefore created their own magma in the laboratory. They did so by mixing a powder that matched the composition of Earth’s molten mantle and heating it. What sounds straightforward required the latest technological advances, as Sossi points out: “The composition of our mantle-like powder made it difficult to melt—we needed very high temperatures of around 2,000° Celsius.”

That required a special furnace, which was heated by a laser and within which the researchers could levitate the magma by letting streams of gas mixtures flow around it. These gas mixtures were plausible candidates for the primeval atmosphere that, as 4.5 billion years ago, influenced the magma. Thus, with each mixture of gasses that flowed around the sample, the magma turned out a little different.

“The key difference we looked for was how oxidized the iron within the magma became,” Sossi explains. In less accurate words: how rusty. When iron meets oxygen, it oxidizes and turns into what we commonly refer to as rust. Thus, when the gas mixture that the scientists blew over their magma contained a lot of oxygen, the iron within the magma became more oxidized.

This level of iron oxidation in the cooled-down magma gave Sossi and his colleagues something that they could compare to naturally occurring rocks that make up Earth’s mantle today—so-called peridotites. The iron oxidation in these rocks still has the influence of the primeval atmosphere imprinted within it. Comparing the natural peridotites and the ones from the lab therefore gave the scientists clues about which of their gas mixtures came closest to Earth’s primeval atmosphere.

A new view of the emergence of life

“What we found was that, after cooling down from

science

New research shows even small ships pose deadly threat to North American right whales

November 27, 2020 [email protected]_84 American, deadly, North, pose, Research, ships, shows, Small, threat, whales

It has long been known that ship strikes involving large vessels pose one of the greatest threats to North Atlantic right whales, whose coastal habitats and tendency to stay close to the water’s surface make them vulnerable to such deadly collisions.

New research by Dal scientists suggests that the endangered animals can also suffer fatal injuries if struck by small boats or by large vessels travelling at slow speeds.

“We’ve shown clearly that small vessels can be a threat to whales. We’ve shown that very light, but fast-moving vessels like trans-oceanic racing sailboats can cause potentially lethal injuries to whales, so it means if you’re in a vessel on the ocean, you may be a threat to these animals,” says Sean Brillant, an adjunct in the Department of Oceanography.

“We also showed that there is indeed no safe speed for large vessels when it comes to whales and we are not going to solve the whale death problem from ship strikes simply by reducing speeds.”

Beyond broken bones

Dr. Brillant worked with Dan Kelley, a physical oceanographer at Dal, and former Dal student James Vlasic to construct biophysical models that predict the stresses whales experience during collisions. To do that they used information about right whale anatomy and simple Newtonian physics, along with damage measures gleaned from a database of 40 ship strike events for which pertinent data were available. One observation that prompted their study was that data showed that many whales killed by vessel strikes did not have broken bones. Instead, the 30 to 50-tonne animals suffered from massive internal hemorrhaging, a finding that suggested that collisions can be fatal even if they don’t break bones but sufficiently damage the circulatory system of the whale.

A core objective of the analysis was to determine the mechanical stresses on whales that were associated with a fatal injury, which would then allow predictions of new events under a variety of conditions. The study, published recently in Marine Mammal Science, focused particularly on North Atlantic right whales, but the model is also applicable to 10 species of large whales and all possible sizes.

Users can input a ship’s speed and mass, as well as the species of whale, its weight and length, and the thickness of its blubber, bone and skin. The model will then determine the probability that the resulting strike would be fatal for the whale.

The model shows that vessels of all sizes can cause stresses greater than the critical (lethal) level, and that large vessels produce stresses much larger than this even when travelling at reduced speeds, like 10 knots.

“The analysis for large vessels reveals that the speed limits commonly under discussion in the research and management communities (i.e. 10 knots) will provide only small reductions in the probability of lethal ship strikes,” the paper states.

“Thus, for large vessels, the only practical way of reducing the risk of lethal collisions is to

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